分詞構句是由『副詞子句』簡化而來的。
步驟
先去掉連接詞。
再去掉子句的主詞（前後句的主詞要『相同』，若不相同則為獨立分構，前後子句的主詞都要保留）
動詞改為分詞（若動詞是主動，動詞變現在分詞；被動，動詞變過去分詞）
句型：
連接詞＋Ｓ＋Ｖ…，Ｓ＋Ｖ…
→Ｖing（主動），Ｓ＋Ｖ…
→P.P（被動） ，Ｓ＋Ｖ…
步驟
先去掉連接詞。
再去掉子句的主詞（前後句的主詞要『相同』，若不相同則為獨立分構，前後子句的主詞都要保留）
動詞改為分詞（若動詞是主動，動詞變現在分詞；被動，動詞變過去分詞）
句型：
連接詞＋Ｓ＋Ｖ…，Ｓ＋Ｖ…
→Ｖing（主動），Ｓ＋Ｖ…
→P.P（被動） ，Ｓ＋Ｖ…
●分詞構句
<分詞構句>是指<分詞>或<分詞片語>用以修飾{主要子句}的{主詞}和<動詞>,可表示時間,原因,條件,讓步或附帶情況等意思。
1. Walking along the street, he saw a bar.
在街上走時,他看到了一個酒吧。
表時間,相當於一個時間副詞子句,
<分詞構句>是指<分詞>或<分詞片語>用以修飾{主要子句}的{主詞}和<動詞>,可表示時間,原因,條件,讓步或附帶情況等意思。
1. Walking along the street, he saw a bar.
在街上走時,他看到了一個酒吧。
表時間,相當於一個時間副詞子句,
即When he was walking along the street, he saw a bar.。
2. Being caught in the rain, he got a cold.
由於被雨淋了,他感冒了。
表原因,相當於一個原因副詞子句,即As he was caught in the rain, he got a cold.。
Following this road, you will find the bus stop.
要是沿著這條路走,你會找到車站。
表條件,相當於一個條件副詞子句,即If you follow this road, you will find the bus stop.。
She called out to the man on the street, asking for help.
她對街上的男人喊,請求幫助。
表附帶情況,與主要動詞同時發出的另外動作,即She called out to the man on the street and asked for help。
Seated at the table, he was waiting for her.
他坐在桌子旁等候她。
表方式,分詞構句中{過去分詞}之前的being可以省略,即Being seated at the table, he was waiting for her.。
Granting that he was drunk, I won't excuse his conduct.
即使我承認他喝醉了,也不會原諒他的行為。
表讓步,即Even if I grant that he was drunk, I won't excuse his conduct.
2. Being caught in the rain, he got a cold.
由於被雨淋了,他感冒了。
表原因,相當於一個原因副詞子句,即As he was caught in the rain, he got a cold.。
Following this road, you will find the bus stop.
要是沿著這條路走,你會找到車站。
表條件,相當於一個條件副詞子句,即If you follow this road, you will find the bus stop.。
She called out to the man on the street, asking for help.
她對街上的男人喊,請求幫助。
表附帶情況,與主要動詞同時發出的另外動作,即She called out to the man on the street and asked for help。
Seated at the table, he was waiting for her.
他坐在桌子旁等候她。
表方式,分詞構句中{過去分詞}之前的being可以省略,即Being seated at the table, he was waiting for her.。
Granting that he was drunk, I won't excuse his conduct.
即使我承認他喝醉了,也不會原諒他的行為。
表讓步,即Even if I grant that he was drunk, I won't excuse his conduct.
●分詞在句中的作用
1.<分詞>作<修飾語>,修飾<名詞>。
The sleeping boy looked tired.
那熟睡的男孩看起來累了。
{現在分詞}作形容詞,多數放在被修飾的名詞前面。
He bought a broken cup.
他買了一個破茶杯。
{過去分詞}如為單字,只可放在被修飾的名詞前面。
There is no student talking.
沒有一個學生講話。
{現在分詞}放在被修飾的名詞後面,相當於一個形容詞子句,上句相當於There is no student who is talking.
There are many books written by Steve in this library.
這個圖書館裡有許多史蒂夫寫的書。
<分詞片語>作<形容詞>,只可放在被修飾的<名詞>後面。
2.<分詞>可以和<名詞>,<形容詞>或<副詞>搭配構成{複合形容詞},用來修飾後面的<名詞>,如：man-made satellite(人造衛星)
3.<分詞>作<補語>。
He came into the room laughing.
他笑著走進屋子。
{現在分詞}laughing作主詞補語,表示分詞和主要動詞所表示的動作是伴隨發生的。
You should have your hair cut.
你應該剪頭髮了。
過去分詞cut作受詞補語。
1.<分詞>作<修飾語>,修飾<名詞>。
The sleeping boy looked tired.
那熟睡的男孩看起來累了。
{現在分詞}作形容詞,多數放在被修飾的名詞前面。
He bought a broken cup.
他買了一個破茶杯。
{過去分詞}如為單字,只可放在被修飾的名詞前面。
There is no student talking.
沒有一個學生講話。
{現在分詞}放在被修飾的名詞後面,相當於一個形容詞子句,上句相當於There is no student who is talking.
There are many books written by Steve in this library.
這個圖書館裡有許多史蒂夫寫的書。
<分詞片語>作<形容詞>,只可放在被修飾的<名詞>後面。
2.<分詞>可以和<名詞>,<形容詞>或<副詞>搭配構成{複合形容詞},用來修飾後面的<名詞>,如：man-made satellite(人造衛星)
3.<分詞>作<補語>。
He came into the room laughing.
他笑著走進屋子。
{現在分詞}laughing作主詞補語,表示分詞和主要動詞所表示的動作是伴隨發生的。
You should have your hair cut.
你應該剪頭髮了。
過去分詞cut作受詞補語。
被動的例句:
As he was seen by the policeman, he ran away.
=>Seen by the policeman, he ran away.
------以上為"主詞相同"的分詞構句------
As he was seen by the policeman, he ran away.
=>Seen by the policeman, he ran away.
------以上為"主詞相同"的分詞構句------
英文考試得「分」之鑰 ─ Participle(分詞)
Participle (分詞)：這個字的原義為 “a noun-adjective” (混合了名詞與形容詞的功能)；這個字在古法文及拉丁文有 ”partaking” (分擔)的意思, 意即分擔noun(名詞)與adjective(形容詞)的特性。
★『Adjective』形容詞用法 (容後補述)
Present Participle: ACTIVE participle (主動分詞)
Past Participle: PASSIVE participle (被動分詞)
★『Noun』名詞用法
講到這裡，大家心裡一定有個疑問「分詞怎麼當名詞？」。很簡單，就加個definite article - the (限定冠詞)。
例如：
the living = living person(s) 活著的人
the dying = dying person(s) 瀕死的人
the wounded = wounded person(s) 傷者
the accused = accused person(s) 被告
the deceased = deceased person(s) 死者
the learned = learned person(s) 博學者
the condemned = condemned person(s) 被判刑者
★★『Participial Construction』分詞構句
Participle真正精采的用法是Participial Construction (分詞構句)
Having reached the end of my poor sinner's
life, my hair now white, I grow old as the world does, waiting to be lost in
the bottomless pit of silent and deserted divinity, sharing in the light of
angelic intelligences
當我可憐罪人生命的終點來臨時，此刻我的頭髮已斑白，如同這個世界的更迭我也變老了，等待迷失在靜默且凡俗的深淵中，並分享著天使智慧的靈光。 (節譯: The Name of The Rose – Umberto Eco)
Having reached... = When I have
reached...
為什麼前子句的主詞是 "I" ? --- 因為「前子句的主詞」與「後子句的主詞」相同，所以省略不用。為了讓句子更精簡，連接詞when也跟著省略了。
waiting to be... =, and I waited to be...
sharing in the light... = and I shared in the light...
上述兩個子句的主詞仍然是
"I"，只是連接詞and也一併省略了。
句子形成方法如下: After I had done my work,
I went out for a walk.
(1) 去掉連接詞 --- After I had done my work, I went out
for a walk.
(2) 去掉副詞子句的主詞 ---
I had done my work, I went out for a walk.
(3) 動詞改為分詞 ---
Having done my work, I went out for a walk.
例句：《表時間-time》
Walking along the street, he saw a bar.
= When he was walking along the street,…
在街上走時,他看到了一個酒吧。《表原因-reason》
Being caught in the rain, he got a cold.
= Because he was caught in
the rain,….
由於被雨淋了,他感冒了。《表條件-condition》
Following this road, you will find the bus stop.
= If you follow this road, ….
沿著這條路往前走,你會找到車站。《表讓步-concession》
Granting that he was drunk, I won't excuse his conduct.
= Even if I grant that he was drunk,….
即使我承認他喝醉了,也不會原諒他的行為。
《表附帶情況，與主要動詞同時發出的另外動作。- attendant circumstances》
She called out to the man on the street, asking for help.
= She called out to the man on the street, and she asked for help.
她對街上的人喊,請求幫助。
Seated at the table, he was waiting for
her.
= He was seated at the table and waiting for her.
他坐在桌子旁等候她。
(分詞構句中被動分詞之前的being可以省略。)
★★綜合上述例句，我們發現分詞構句有以下特點：
1. 兩個子句（Clause）的主詞相同。
2. 「連接詞」及其引導子句的「主詞」都省略了。
《消失的連接詞》
1. 表時間 when, while, after, as soon as...
2. 表原因 because, since, as, for...
3. 表條件 if
4. 表讓步 Although, though, even though, even if, if, in
case...
5. 表附帶狀況 and
再來幾個例句，看看各位施主是否能判斷句中哪些字被省略了。(解答就在例句下)
1. Bucking an emotional national crusade, New York
=
As New York bucks an emotional national
crusade, New York
2. Having not been for the four years
Benjamin Harrison served as President between them, the country could have
transitioned from one Cleveland
=
If the country had not been for the four years Benjamin Harrison served as
President between them, the country could have transitioned from one Cleveland
3. Striving to be upbeat, Merkel calls her
nascent government a "coalition of new possibilities."
= Although Merkek strives to be upbeat,
Merkel calls her nascent government a "coalition of new
possibilities."
4. He sat down, crossing his legs, drawing
up his trousers from the knee, revealing a pair of maroon ankle-length socks.
= He sat down, and crossed his legs, and
drew up his trousers from the knee, and revealed a pair of maroon ankle-length
socks.
5. I eventually made a concession and
agreed to go to mainland China
= I eventually made a concession and
agreed to go to mainland China
★★『Absolute Participial Construction』獨立分詞構句
秉著省略精簡的寫作技巧，Absolute Participial Construction的用法與上述的 Participial Construction相似。唯一的差異是「前子句的主詞」與「後子句的主詞」不同。
句子形成方法如下:
After my work had been done, I went out for a walk.
(1) 去掉連接詞 --- After my work had been done, I went
out for a walk.
(2) 保留不同的主詞 --- My work had been done, I went out for
a walk.
(3) 動詞改為分詞 --- My work having been done, I went out
for a walk.
At times, I looked out the window,
interesting sights, such as a wide plain, conspicuous buildings, vehicles of
all sorts and many others, coming into view, one after another.
例句:
We had to stay inside, it raining very hard.
= We had to stay inside, for it rained very hard.
因為雨下得很大，我們必須待在裡面。
☆ 不同的主詞:
we, it
Time permitting, I'll go on a picnic with you this Sunday.
= If time permits, I'll go on a picnic with you this Sunday.
如果時間允許，這個星期天我會跟你去野餐。
☆ 不同的主詞:
time, I
No other business arising, the meeting was adjourned.
= As no other business arose, the meeting was adjourned.
由於沒有提議其他的事項，會議休會。
☆ 不同的主詞:
no other business, the meeting
The
horse loped across the yard, her foal trailing behind her.
= The horse loped across the yard, and her foal trailed behind her.
這匹馬大步邁過圍欄，她的幼馬也緊跟在後。
☆ 不同的主詞:
the horse, her foal
At
times, I looked out the window, interesting sights, such as a wide plain,
conspicuous buildings, vehicles of all sorts
and many others, coming into view,one after another.
=
At times, I looked out the window, and interesting sights,....., came into
view,......
我不時往窗外瞧，吸引人的景色，如：遼闊的平原，醒目的建築物，各種車輛及其他種種，都接踵映入眼簾
☆ 不同的主詞: I, sights (such as 後頭的一大串敘述為sights的補語, 可以省略)
John getting the hang of the job, I'll
leave him to carry on under his own steam.
= As John gets the hang of the job, I'll
leave him to carry on under his own steam.
因為John抓到了工作的竅門，我會讓他獨當一面。
☆ 不同的主詞: John, I
轉自:黃秀梅師提供
沒有留言:
張貼留言
網誌上的文章不一定完全正確,
若有任何疑問,歡迎留言~